考研英语：对殖民史“情有独钟”真题.docVIP

考研英语：对殖民史“情有独钟”真题 众所周知，美洲大陆最早的居民是我们通常所说的“印第安人”。美洲的印第安人是一个勤劳、勇敢和智慧的民族，他们在长期劳动生活中，创造了许多灿烂的文化成就，对人类社会的发展作出了巨大的贡献。十五世纪末，当欧洲殖民者侵入北美洲改变了这里的历史，这段历史也成为后人研究的对象。考研政治中对这段北美殖民史“情有独钟”，在历年真题中多有涉及，今天老师就带同学们一起来看看这些真题的特点。 　　一、真题大搜索 　　在88、07、09年的考研英语真题中，对这段殖民史都有涉及。美利坚合众国是一首丰富的歌，它不仅是一个民族，而是由许多民族组合成的民族。好好学习这段历史，对考生解题会有意想不到的作用。老师建议考生首先通读以上两篇考研真题，对这段殖民史有所了解，再把句中的这类文体常用的重点词汇找出进行详细记忆，将主要观点的英语表述方法熟记于心。 　　(2007年完形填空)西班牙和葡萄牙前殖民地独立后面临的问题: 　　（注：划线部分为原题设问处） 　　By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations. 　　The roughly 20 millioninhabitantof these nations lookedhopefullyto the future. Born in the crisis of the old regime and Iberian Colonialism, many of the leaders of independencesharedthe ideas of representative government, careersopento talent, freedom of commerce and trade,therighttoprivate property, and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.Generallythere was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states, large enough to be economically viable and integrated by acommonset of 1aws. 　　On the issue offreedomof religion and the position of the Church,howeverthere was less 　　agreementamongthe leadership. Roman Catholicism had been the state religion and the only onegrantedby the Spanish crown.whilemost leaders sought to maintain Catholicismasthe official religion of the new states, some sought to end theexclusionof other faiths. The defense of the Church became a rallyingcryfor the conservative forces. 　　The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian, valuing equality of everything. Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and hadpromisedin return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated. By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhere except Spain’sremainingcolonies. Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came muchslowerbecause the new nations still needed the revenue such policiesproduced.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the po