赵丽老师四级语法义讲最新版.docVIP

四级讲义 一：时态：所谓的时态，就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表： 1．主动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 did do will/shall do should/would do 进行 was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / / 2．被动形式 过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般 was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行 was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/would have been given 完成进行 / / / CET-4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。 时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去 用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来 现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成 非谓语动词一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do　 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 　I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 　昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调我看见了这个事实) 　I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 　昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调我见他正干活这个动作） 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后要还原to I ‘d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn’t have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/closeness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be op