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曼昆学习指导书
* * This is Figure 3-11 from page 65 of the text. See accompanying discussion. * * * * When I teach this theory, after saying “accepted by most economists” I append “at least, as a starting point.” This theory is fine for macro models with only one type of labor. But if you take it literally, and apply it in the real world, it implies that people who earn low wages have low marginal products. Thus, this theory would attribute the observed wage gap between white males and minorities to productivity differences, a conclusion that most would find objectionable. * The last equation follows from Euler’s theorem, discussed in text on p. 52. 规模报酬不变 ZY=ZF(K,L)=F(ZK,ZL) 对Z求导 * Paul Douglas observed that the division of national income between capital and labor has been roughly constant over time He then wondered what conditions might lead to constant factor shares. Cobb, a mathematician, said that the production function would need to have the property that: * * “g s” is short for “goods services” * Again, we are using the short-hand notation that will appear throughout the remaining PowerPoints: ?X ? ?Y means “an increase in X causes a decrease in Y.” Please feel free to edit slides if you wish to substitute other notation. * * * * It might be useful to remind students of the meaning of the terms “exogenous” and “transfer payments.” * Note the only variable in the equilibrium condition that doesn’t have a “bar” over it is the real interest rate. When the full slide is showing, before you advance to the next one, you might want to note that the interest rate is important in financial markets as well, so we will next develop a simple model of the financial system. * * * * * After showing definition of private saving, - give the interpretation of the equation: private saving is disposable income minus consumption spending - explain why private saving is part of the supply of loanable funds: Suppose a person earns $50,00
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