国际物理林匹克竞赛试题PIhO2001-THEO-SLN.docVIP

Solution Part 1a (0.5 pts) (0.5 pts) (0.3 pts) (0.2 pts) The phase difference:?? = ?=?0.61=?220?. (1.0 pts)OR?? = ?140? Part 1b (0.3 pts) where nL is the number of molecules per cubic meter in the liquid phase Average distance between the molecules of water in the liquid phase: (0.2 pts) PaV=nRT, where n is the number of moles (0.6 pts) where nV is the number of molecules per cubic meter in the vapor phase. (0.9 pts) (0.2 pts) (0.3 pts)  Part 1c (0.5 pts.) Vi Vf (0.2 pts) (0.2 pts) If Vi Vf , T/RC1, then T = (Vf / Vi) RC (0.2 pts) R (0.2 pts) SG and R (0.2 pts) Correct circuit (0.4 pts) (0.3 pts) with the correct polarity (0.3 pts) Total (1.0 pts) Part 1d As the beam passes through a hole of diameter D the resulting uncertainty in the y-component of the momentum; (0.6 pts) and the corresponding velocity component; (0.4 pts) Diameter of the beam grows larger than the diameter of the hole by an amount ?D= ?vy.t , where t is the time of travel. (0.2 pts) If the oven temperature is T, a typical atom leaves the hole with kinetic energy (0.4 pts) (0.2 pts) Beam travels the horizontal distance L at speed v in time , so (0.2 pts) (0.4 pts) Hence the new diameter after a distance L will be; Dnew=D + (0.1 pts) Part 2a The total energy radiated per second = 4?R2?T4, where ? is the Stephan-Boltzmann constant. The energy incident on a unit area on earth per second is; yielding, (1) (0.8 pts) The energy of a photon is hf=hc/?. The equivalent mass of a photon is h/c?. Conservation of photon energy: (0.8 pts) yielding (2) and (2) yields, (3) (0.2 pts) The stars are rotating around the center of mass with equal angular speeds: ? = (2?/2?) = ?/? (4) (0.2 pts) The equilibrium conditions for the stars are; (5) (0.8 pts) with , (6) (0.4 pts) Substituting (3), (4) and (6) into (5) yields . (0.8 pts) Part 2b Conservation of angular momentum for the ordinary star; (7) (0.6 pts.) Conservation of angular momentum fo