第二次课3.33.10.pptVIP

The Literature of Romanticism From Early 1800s(After Constitution Completion) to the Civil War NY 1855 Earliest railways 1831 Historical Facts 1. Population Growth (31 million) 2. The 2nd Independence War (1812-14): “The Star Spangled Banner” (《星条旗之歌》)--Patriotism 3. Land Expansion 4. Industrial Growth in the north 5. Simplicity of life and the Age of Common Man arrived 6. Technology: railways, auto-machines 7. Millionaires multiplied 8. Communal Societies flourished 9. Anti-slavery: Underground Railways 10. Education: School attendance laws enacted 11. Writers were paid 12. Bloody Civil War came to end the Romantic Period Literary Characteristics Because of the revolutionary heritage and frontier egalitarianism People in America turned to New England Transcendentalism besides the European romantic features such as moral enthusiasm, faith in the value of individualism and intuitive perception and presumption that the nature was a source of good Transcendentalism A literary movement with an action against 1) the 18th century philosophic, mythological and religious orthodoxy; 2) John Locke’s rationalism; 3) the materialism of American society and 4) the 18th century Puritanism. They believed in the transcendence of the over-soul: an all-pervading power for goodness from which all things come and of which all things are a part and also nature Its Origin 1. Immanuel Kant （康德）(1724-1804) German philosopher Idealism: the world is mysterious and people’s knowledge of it is limited Critique of Practical Reason In 1836, his idea combined with other people’s came to America Emerson (爱默生)and Thoreau （梭罗） practiced this together with Thomas Moore’s Utopia from Plato Its Origin 2. Oriental Philosophy 1) Confucius 2) Mohammed: the creator of Moslem 3) Buddhists: Buddha revelations of Oriental mysticism 3. From the Bible Transcendentalists were a group of mystical philosophical thinkers in