Language and Culture.pptVIP

Linguistic evidence of cultural differences文化差异的语言证据 Greetings and terms of address Gratitude and compliments Color words Privacy and taboos Rounding off numbers Words and cultural-specific connotations Cultural-related idioms, proverbs and metaphor Group Work :Work in groups to provide as much information as you can about the differences in the speech behaviors. Speech behavior China English-speaking countries Greetings Apologizing Making requests Expressing disapproval Expressing gratitude Leaving-taking * Terms of address Tongzhi Shifu Sir Madam Kinship terms Uncle aunt grandpa granny 叔叔 伯伯 舅舅 姨夫 姑父 阿姨 姑姑 舅母 婶婶 小姨子 小叔子 小舅子 大嫂 妹夫 表兄弟 堂兄弟 表姐妹 堂姐妹 连襟 妯娌 林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。 妻子( 家务的物件; 婢女; 穿针婆;内人;那一口子; 贱内,拙荆;当家的;半边天;爱人;太太;夫人) 我 ( status, occuption,age and dialect) Gratitude and compliments感激语和称赞语 Frankness v.s modesty ------You are so beautiful. ------thank you very much. (English) ------No, not at all./It’s nothing. (Chinese) … Color words Different languages may have different divisions of color. Different languages provide different color related associations. 2 color terms 3 color terms Other color terms Dark Light Black White Black White Red Yellow green Blue brown Pink Orange Purple Green: Envy / Jealousy(E) green with envy =green-eyes Green born Blue: Semantic/ unhappy blue is my love He is in a blue mood High social position/ being aristocratic Blue blood 语言具有普遍性的理论。认知科学强调人类认知的共性，这跟语言相对论恰好针锋相对。强调人类认知的基础是人的遗传天赋。常举的一个例子是颜色词的研究。从表面上看各种语言的颜色词各不相同，但Berlin和Kay的研究（1969）发现它们有共性。任何语言至少都有两个颜色词（白和黑），新几内亚高地语只有“白”和“黑”两个颜色词。英语有11个颜色词。有右边的颜色词，就必有其左边的颜色词。这就是语言的共性，并且认知语言学家认为这种共性是有生理基础的，那就是白色跟黑色具有最强的聚焦性，因为眼睛对这两种光频最敏感。 杨永林，色彩语码研究-----进化论与相对论之争，《外语教学与研究》2000年第3期，第190-195页。 * Rounding off Numbers数字处理 岁？ Age acquisition European: in china you are 1 year old when you are born. Misunderstanding resulted from “sui” and