计算机网络与因特网课件.pptVIP

PART II Packet Transmission Chapter 9 Hardware Addressing and Frame Type Identification 硬件编址与帧类型标识 9.1 Introduction Physically,any signal sent across a shared network reaches all attached stations. At a given station,the network interface hardware detects the electrical signal and extracts a copy of the frame. Communication does not usually involve all stations. Instead,most communication occurs because an application program on one computer sends data directly to an application program on another. 9.2 Specifying A Recipient指定接收方 Most LAN technologies use an addressing scheme to provide direct communication. Each station on the LAN is assigned a unique numeric value called a physical address(物理地址),hardware address(硬件地址),or media access address(MAC). A frame sent across a LAN contains the address of the sending computer,called a source address,and the address of the intended recipient,called the destination address. 9.3 How LAN Hardware Uses Addresses To Filter Packets局域网硬件如何使用地址过滤包 The LAN hardware in a computer as completely separate from the computer’s CPU and memory. The LAN interface hardware handles all the details of sending and receiving frame on the shared medium without using the computer’s CPU. 9.4 Format of A Physical Address Physical Address 必须是所在局域网内的唯一标识 局域网内要对物理地址提供检索的功能 Three broad categories: 9.5 Broadcasting 广播 Broadcasting was originally applied to radio and television transmission. The network designers define a special,reserved address known as a broadcast address(广播地址). The hardware interface on a computer is built to recognize the special broadcast address as well as the station’s physical address. 9.6 Multicasting 组播 9.7 Multicast Addressing 组播编址 When the computer boots,the interface is programmed to recognize only the computer’s address and broadcast address. If an application on the computer wishes to receive multicast frame, the application must inform the network interface which multicast address to use. The interface