简易频谱分析仪.doc

简易频谱分析仪（C） 摘要 本系统是采用外差式原理设计并实现的频谱分析仪。采用多次混频技术，避免混频器因输入频差小带来的频率牵引现象。中频滤波器带宽和视频带宽可变，使得谱仪可以改变分辨力带宽、扫速和轨迹平滑度。本机扫频信号采用DDS信号合成技术和倍频来获得，频率精度和可控性比压控振荡器好，输出通过AGC，稳定了混频系数。被测量信号使用电流反馈型宽带放大器处理，混频信号经精密整流后检波。采用C8051F020单片机来管理与控制整个糸统，一是其内部已集成了丰富外设，可使整个电路糸统比较精简，二是它比传统单片机性能更高，其运行速度非常快，能更好地完成高速频谱数据采集、在示波器上显示频谱曲线、响应按键并处理、在LCD上显示糸统参数、DDS扫描信号的更新等多种任务。高速的片内12位A/D，使数据采集快速且准确，频谱分析动态范围到达70dB以上。 Abstract This paper describes a spectrum analyzer’s design and realization which is based on the theory of heterodyne, and adopts the technology of more than 3 times mixing to avoid the phenomenon of frequency push which is import by the mixer’s narrow input frequency range. Because the filter’ bandwidth of intermediate frequency and video frequency are variable, it is easy for this spectrum analyzer to adjust its resolution bandwidth, scan speed and track flatness. The scan signal is generated by the direct digital synthesis (DDS) and frequency multiplication technology, which is better than the VCO in the aspect of frequency resolution and easy to control. Then it is sent to the AGC in order to stabilize the coefficient of mixing. Through current feed back wide bandwidth amplifier, input signal is magnified to a suitable range which is the most sensitive part of the ADC. The whole system is managed and controlled by a single-chip (C8051F020), it has three advantages: first, a large number of outer devices, which can simplify the hardware design. Second, it has the ability of high speed per instrument, which can achieve multi-functions in this system, such as high speed data sampling, displaying spectrum on the oscillograph, keyboard response, displaying system parameter on the LCD and generating scan signal by DDS. Third, a 12 bits ADC is an on-chip high speed ADC, which can not only enhance the sampling precision, but also make the spectrum analyzer’s dynamic range more than 70dB. 关键字：频谱分析、 外差式、DDS、混频、均值检波、窄带滤波。 方案选择与论证 系统原理概述 在无线电通信中的众多测量任务之一就是频域中的信号检测。频谱分析仪是功能众多并广泛应用的测试仪表，它被广泛用于所有的无线电或有线