含油污泥处理技术.docVIP

含油污泥处理技术及资源化利用途径* 匡少平1,2,3 宋 峰2 (1.清华大学环境工程博士后流动站，北京100084； 2.青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院，山东 青岛266042； 3. 中原油田博士后工作站，河南Treatment and comprehensive utilization of oily sludge Kuang Shaoping1, 2, 3, Song Feng2. (1. Post-Doctor Station, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084；2. College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266042；3. Post-Doctor Work Station, Zhongyuan Oilfield Branch, Puyang Henan 457001) Abstract: Oily sludge produced in the course of exploitation and processing does great harms to the production and the environment. Oily sludge must be treated harmlessly and be utilized comprehensively. Oily sludge treating techniques include sludge quality adjustment and mechanical dewatering, biological treatment, solidification, combustion, natural drying and burial method, and comprehensive utilization, and so on. This paper expatiated on the principles, characteristics and applications of different methods. Quality adjustment and mechanical dewatering, biological treatment, solidification and comprehensive utilization are regarded as important treating techniques. Oily sludge can be divided into oil, water and mud through quality adjustment and mechanical dewatering, but the sludge cake must be treated finally; Microorganism can degrade the organic substance of oily sludge into CO2 and H2O, but efficiency of biodegradation need to be enhanced; Solidification can decrease the exudation of injurant. Comprehensive utilization will be the dominant technique for oily sludge treatment in the future. Keywords: Oily sludge Quality adjustment and mechanical dewatering Biological treatment Solidification Comprehensive utilization 油田和炼油厂的污水处理系统以及原油生产储运系统会产生大量含油污泥。目前我国每年产生的含油污泥总量达500余万t[1]。随着大多数油田进入中后期开采阶段，采出油中含水率越来越高，含油污泥量还会继续增加。人们对含油污泥的处理进行了大量的研究，但至今没有一种成熟有效的处理方法。笔者对目前国内外含油污泥处理技术和资源化利用途径进行了探讨。 1 含油污泥的性质与危害 含油污泥成分极其复杂，主要由乳化油、水、固体悬浮物等混合组成, 其成分与地质条件、生产技术、污水处理工艺、污水水质、加药种类、排污方式以及管理操作水平有关。含油污泥的比阻比一般污泥大40倍，其可压缩性系数