赤水河中段水环境化学特征研究.doc

赤水河中段水环境化学特征研究 王海鹤1,2 , 董泽琴1,3* , 张帅1,2 , 邹凤钗1,4 1.贵州省环境科学研究设计院，贵州贵阳 550002；2.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院，贵州贵阳 550001； 3.贵州省水污染控制与资源化技术研究重点实验室，贵州 贵阳 550002； 4.贵州大学化学与工程学院，贵州 贵阳 550003 摘要：本文选取赤水河中段作为研究对象，对其水环境化学特征进行分析和研究，并进行水质评价。结果表明：现在赤水河中段阴离子以HCO3-为主，占阴离子总量的75%，阳离子以Ca2+为主，占阳离子总量的66.7%，水化学类型主要为重碳酸盐钙型Ⅱ类水质，与“七·五”时期相比较，水质类型并无太大变化，且水系河水以HCO3- —Ca2+型水的基本组成是稳定的；河水水质属于偏碱性、中等矿化度水，其矿化度随着HCO3-的增加而增加，赤水河中段河水的pH、矿化度、总硬度等水中主要离子含量均达到地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）的Ⅰ、Ⅱ类水质或生活饮用水卫生标准（GB 5749-2006）的水质要求；可以作为城镇居民的生活饮用水水源地，以及周边诸多酒厂生产白酒所用加浆水的水源，赤水河中段干流水中Eh较高，溶解氧丰富，自净能力强，是优质的中等矿化度淡水资源，与河流的水质评价结果相符。 关键词： 赤水河，水化学特征，水质类型 中图分类号：X832 文献标识码：A Study on Hydro-chemical characteristic in the Middle of Chishui River Abstract: Study on Hydro-chemical characteristic in the Middle of Chishui River in Guizhou Province. The result showed that in Chishui River，HCO3- was the dominant anion，accounting for 75% of total anions， and Ca2+was the dominant cationaccounting for 66.7% of total cations. The hydro-chemical type belonged to that of bicarbonate calcium. Compare to the “7th 5-year” period, the type of water quality does not change, the basic composition of river is stable. The water quality belong to alkalescent and middle salinity. The salinity increases with the HCO3-. On the whole，the mainly ion content met the grade 1 and grade 2 environmental quality standards for surface water （GB3838-2002）or Sanitary standard for drinking water（GB 5749-2006）.??For example: pH, salinity, total hardness and so on. It can be used as a source of urban residents living and drinking water, and many winery add water used in liquor production. In the middle reaches of Chishui River trunk stream, Eh is higher, DO is richer, self-purification is strong, It is the high quality of secondary salinity freshwater resources. It is agree with the river water quality assessment results. Keywords: Chishui River， Hydro-chemical characteristic， Hydro- chemical type 1.引言 河流是降水经地面径流汇集而成的，河水的成分决定于它的形成环境，一方面决定于与水接触的物质的成分和溶解度；另一方面，决定于作用进行