赤水河流域可持续发展对策研究.doc

赤水河流域对策 艾文，任晓冬( （贵州师范大学 中国南方喀斯特研究院，贵州 贵阳550001） 关键词：流域综合Abstract: In Chishui river basin, there are 13 counties and cities located in 3 provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan with big different environmental and social-economic background. Base on the economic development policy of county-orientated strategy, there arise a series of pollution and environmental deterioration problems. Moreover, the severe contradiction between people and land, backward infrastructure, low awareness of environment protection and insensitive corporation social responsibility all-together prevent the sustainable development of the Chishui River basin. The author, based on the theory of river basin integrated management, collected statistic social-economic data and analyzed the present and potential problems of Chishui River Basin by Figure-Chart Method, finally brought forward integrated strategies of integrated river basin planning and exploitation based on the whole basin, easy-operated compensation mechanism, working mechanism of multi-side participation; strengthening and promotion environment protection awareness and responsibility and Improvement of laws and regulations, to help Chishui River basin to coordinate economic development and environment protection and finally realize its sustainable development. Key words: Chishui river basin; Problem; Strategy; Integrated river basin planning 赤水河是长江的一级支流，从上游至下游流经滇、黔、川三省接壤地带共13县市，流域面积约18932km2[1]。该流域处于西南地区，经济贫困、人地矛盾突出，发展经济成为目前各级政府的迫切任务。由于在行政区划上属于不同的省区，流域内各行政单位的发展规划各不相同，出现煤电开发、白酒酿制、农业生产、旅游开发等各种不同产业。由于政府发展规划注重重工业的发展，流域内以消耗破坏生态环境为代价的经济增长现象普遍，严重阻碍了其他产业的可持续发展，使流域始终面临着经济开发同生态环境保护的突出矛盾，而解决这些问题的较好方法是运用流域综合管理手段，以流域为单位，将对流域内资源开发保护和经济发展进行总体规划，在此基础上建立各种保障机制，实现赤水河流域综合可持续发展。 1 流域概况 1.1自然概况 赤水河由上游至下游流经滇、黔、川三省接壤地带，因其含沙量高、水色赤黄而得名。发源于云南省镇雄县鱼洞乡大洞，至四川省合江县归入长江，河流长444.5km，落差1588m，河口流量309m3/s，是长江上游重要的一级支流。流域地跨云南省镇雄县、威信县，贵州省遵义县、毕节市、大方县、金沙县、仁怀市、习水县、赤水、桐梓县，四川省叙永县、古蔺县、合江县共13县市，面积约18932km2（根据长江水利委员会《赤水河流域图》（1／800000）及中国1：400万矢量地图县界数据图上量算结果），川、滇、黔三省各占31%、10%