Atomicstructure原子结构讲解.ppt

Arranged in the shell of lowest energy first Each shell configuration can be at most 2 n2 electrons layers for K, most can only hold two electrons. Other layers as the outermost layer can only accommodate 8 electrons. outer electronic time is no more than 18 electrons * Value of psi squared Dots represent electron probability in a plane passing through the nucleus Electron probability and charge density represented in three dimensions. Note that it is not spherically symmetric. 第一章 原子结构与元素周期律 1.1 原子结构 (Atomic structure) The evolution of the atomic structure model 葡萄干面包模型 太阳系模型 电子壳层模型 电子云模型 Dalton Thomson Rutherford Bohr REGIONS OF THE ATOM protons neutrons REGIONS OF THE ATOM NUCLEUS(原子核) Located near the center of the atom Is positive Occupies a very small part of the atom Has very high density Composed of protons (a protan has a positive charge ) and neutrons (electric neutrality ) ELECTRON CLOUD（电子云） Region occupied by electrons Is negative Surrounds the nucleus of the atom Occupy most of the volume of the atom A electon has a negative charge) electric neutrality [nutr?l?ti ] Symbols X A Z Mass number Atomic number → → Atomic number，Z=number of protons Mass number，A=number of protons + number of neutrons The number of Protons = Number of Electrons The number of neutrons=A-Z Nuclide（核素）: General term for any isotope of any element ISOTOPES [a?s?tops] Isotopes [a?s?tops] Average Atomic Mass Calculation The element copper is found to contain the naturally occurring isotopes and . The relative abundances are 69.1% and 30.9% respectively. Calculate the average atomic mass of copper. = = Atomic mass unit Average Atomic Mass Calculation ANSWER: 39.95 amu COUNTING ATOMS… NUCLIDE SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER MASS NUMBER # of p+ # of n0 # of e- Aluminum-27 108 47 25 30 9 4 Iodine-131 53 COUNTING ATOMS… NUCLIDE SYMBOL ATOMIC NUMBER MASS NUMBER # of p+ # of n0 # of e- Aluminum-27 13 2