战略管理2003年秋.pptVIP

5. 公共事务 Public Affairs Concepts: community affairs, community relations, external affairs, external communications, public relations. Functions: ethics, social responsibility, crisis management. (1) 伦理 Ethics: perceptual difference, competitive pressure and psychological disorders. (2) 社会责任 Social responsibility: financial contribution; (3) 危机管理 Crisis Management 6. 财务Finance/Accounting (1) 现金 Management of Cash (2) 库存 Management of Inventory (3) Management of Accounts Receivable (4) Management of Total Assets (5) Management of Debts (6) Capital Budgeting IV. 信息收集方法Information-gathering Tools 1. 个人联络 Personal Contacts: informal interpersonal interactions. 2. 观察 Observation: open and disguised 3. 访谈和调查 Interviews and Survey Questionnaires 4. 报告 Reports 二、外部环境分析 External Analysis 内外分析是一个硬币的正反两面， 缺一不可。Gathering and examining information on the forces. 外部环境的变化多端， 反应缓慢带来灾难。Long-term health, short-term surprise. 1、特定环境 Task environment: immediate or operating; in both direction; influence and are influenced 2、一般环境 General environment: Influence but are not be influenced by the organization. 特定环境分析The Task Environmental Analysis (p8图)(1) 行业分析 Industry: a group of firms offering similar products(or services) . --行业结构Industry Structure: 增长率Growth rate+规模Size+相对利润Relative profitability --战略小组Strategic Group (2) 竞争者 Competitors ----Forces influencing competition(p12图） 1、特定环境分析The Task Environmental Analysis (3) 供应者分析 Suppliers: Raw materials, capital labor. (4) 顾客分析 Customers: Region, Income, Education.. (5) 工会分析（其他利益相关者）Labor Unions (6) 政府规则 Government Regulators ----Regulation ----Deregulation 2. 一般环境分析The General Environment P13图 (1) 人口Demographics: birth rates, death rates, life expectancy, age distribution,marriages, divorces, income distribution level of income…. (2) 文化 Culture: collection of societal values, habits, knowledge, and ways of doing things (3) 经济 Economy: Major economic factors; (4) 政治 Politics: national and international (5) 技术 Technology (6) 压