高三英语专题复习：虚拟语气.docVIP

高考语法专项之虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood ) 概念：虚拟语气表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求，有时是一种非真实的假设、料想或是不可能实现或与事实相反的愿望。（分类：一般虚拟语气和特殊虚拟语气。） 二虚拟语气之高考方向：12、条件句中虚拟语气的倒装；[来源:学。科。网Z。X。X。K] 3、名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法；4、几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法;5、虚拟语气时态的判定。 三高考基本知识 ⑴虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用 ①主从句时态一致 If he had time now，he would(could，might) go with you.要是他现在有时间，他会和你一起去的。(与现在事实相反)If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would (could，might) have met the famous singer.如果你能早来几分钟，你就会见到那个著名歌手。(与过去事实相反) If it were to snow this evening，they would not go out. 如果今天晚上下雪，他们就不会出去。(将来发生的动作的可能性很小) ②、混合条件句 主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，这时主、从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这叫做混合条件句。 If you had asked him yesterday，you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问一问他的话，你就知道现在该做什么了。(从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。) ③、省略if的条件句 虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were，should或had，可将if省略，再把were，should或had移到从句句首，实行倒装。 Were they here now，they could help us. ＝If they were here now，they could help us. 如果他们现在在这儿的话，他们就会帮助我们了。 ④、含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类含蓄式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：but for(要不是……的话)，but that(要不是……)，without(如果没有……)，supposing(假设……)，provided(倘若……)，otherwise(or else)(要不然)等。 But for your advice，I would have failed.(＝If you hadn’t given me advice，I would have failed.) 如果不是有你的建议，我会失败的。 But that she was afraid，she would have said no. 要不是她害怕的话，她就会说“不”了。 Without water，there would be no life. 如果没有水，就没有生命。 Supposing it should rain，we would still go. 假如下雨的话，我们还是要去。 ⑵、虚拟语气在其它状语从句中的运用 (1)由as if/though引导的状语从句有时也用虚拟语气，表明与现实相反的情况。 ①用were/did型虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反。②用had done型虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反。③用would/could do型虚拟语气表示与将来事实相反。 She sings as if she were a boy.她唱起歌来像个男孩。 She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.她英语讲得很流利，好像在美国学过英语。 (2)in order that，so that，for fear that，in case，lest等引导的目的状语从句，从句中谓语动词形式为“may，might，can，could，would，should＋动词原形”。 Bring some money in case you (should) use it.带点钱备用。 (3)在even if/though引导的让步状语从句中，也经常使用虚拟语气来表示主观假设。 Even if he were here，I should say the same thing. 即使他在这儿，我也要这么说。 ⑶、①虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用 (1)在句型“It is important (necessary，strange，natural)that...”中，t