HypersensitiveReactions.pptVIP

Chapter 16: Hypersensitive Reactions Typically, inflammatory responses rid the body of Ag and resolves the infection within days In some cases, the inflam response can have harmful effects – even result in death! -this type of IR is called ‘hypersensitivity’ or ‘allergy’ Hypersensitive reactions develop during the course of either: Humoral IR response or Cell-mediated IR response Those reactions initiated by Ab or Ab-Ag complexes are called Immediate Hypersensitivities Those initiated by cell-mediated response are called Delayed-type Hypersensitivities Gell and Coombs Classification Four categories of hypersensitivity were proposed by GC which recog differences in the effector molecules generated. They include: IgE mediated – Type I IgG mediated – Type II Immune complex mediated – Type III Cell mediated (DTH) – Type IV IgE-Mediated (Type I) Hypersensitivity Antibody class produced is different than the normal 1° response IgE is produced vs an “allergen”(not vs parasite) IgE binds to mast cells/basophils ? sensitized 2nd exposure to allergen cross-links IgE’s and triggers degranulation of mast cells/basophils Effects may be systemic or localized depending.. Components of Type I Rxns: Type I Rxns: 1. Allergens IgE produced in response to parasites, typically Atopic individuals produce IgE vs common environmental Ag’s; genetic predisposition More susceptible to: hay fever, asthma, etc. Most rxns take place on mucus membranes Allergens are multi-antigenic; although only several are allergenic (E and K fractions)* Allergenicity is a function of dose, sensitizing route, possible adjuvant, and genetics** Type I Rxns: 2. and 3. Reaginic Ab, Mast Cells and Basophils IgE also called “reagin”, larger than typical Ig due to extra H chain domain, low serum[c] IgE Fc binds to glycoprotein on Mast/Baso Baso’s – 0.5-1.0% of circ WBC; granulocytes! Mast’s – in conn tiss, near bv’s and lv’s Skin and mucus memb (esp resp gi tracts) Upon activation, granules are rel