IntroductiontoLinuxI.pptVIP

Girish BC Introduction to Linux (I) Prof. Chung-Ta King Department of Computer Science National Tsing Hua University Outline Overview of Unix System Basic Commands Relative and Absolute Path Redirect, Append and Pipe Permission Process Management Install Software Text Editor Foreground and Background Jobs What Is Linux? Linux 是一套自由、開放、免費的作業系統 開放源碼 (open source)：可以任意的修改 Linux－從最底層的核心以至於上層的應用程式 Linux的由來 UNIX：1970年代由Bell Lab發展出來，並廣泛使用於當時的minicomputers和workstations上 但當時的 UNIX只能在特定的主機上運行，並且有版權的問題 Andrew Tanenbaum為了OS之教學，根據 UNIX重新撰寫一套可在PC上運行的系統Minix (1986) 1991年Linus Torvalds又改寫Minix成為Linux GNU又為Linux kernel加上許多公用程式 Linux Distributions 許多Linux發行版本: SuSe, Gentoo, Fedora, Debian, Ubuntu, … 核心都是Linux kernel，而公用程式也大都是GNU 軟體及其他開放源碼軟體 (Open Source Software) 最主要的差別在於專屬工具及套件管理方式 Why Linux? Used in many servers and embedded systems Web servers, mail servers, firewalls, printer servers, wifi access points, disk servers Google phone (Android), OpenMoko Note: Many do not have GUI, but text mode interface Penetrating into desktops and notebooks with easy-to-use GUI: eeePC, OS X Installing Linux Traditional way: installing Linux from CD ROM on hard disk partitions Use virtualization software: VMware, QEMU, virtual box, XEN x86 virtualization: the method by which x86-based guest OS are run under another host x86 OS, with little or no modification of the guest OS (wiki) For example: on Windows ubuntu () ubuntu-8.10-desktop-i386.iso virtual box () Linux系統結構 Linux作業系統由以下幾個部分所組成： Linux from Users’ Perspective Underneath the windows GUI system, users interact with Linux kernel through shell Shell interprets user’s input as commands and pass them to kernel Operates in a simple loop: accepts a command interprets the command executes the command displays a ”prompt,” to notify userthat it is ready to accept the next command 使用終端機程式 Directory Structure Linux統一由/ (root)作為根目錄，系統內所有的目錄都依附在/ 底下 不同的硬碟或分割區 (partition)，也都在/ 底下，透過mount (掛載)的方式，掛載起來使用 Windows則是由C:\, D:\的順序編排而成 All directories a