Lecture22.pptVIP

Lecture 22 -ED Participle Teaching Contents 22.1 –ed participle as premodifier 22.2 –ed participle as complement 22.3 Dangling participles 22.1 –ed participle as premodifier 1) - ed participle derived from transitive verbs Most of –ed participles, used as premodifrer, are from transitive verbs, and express a passive meaning and a sense of completion. ---All the broken windows have been repaired. As premodifier, some –ed participles cannot be used alone unless they are combined with a negative prefix “un-” or when they are combined with an adverb to form a compound. ---uninvited guests, ---untold sufferings. ---a badly-built house, ---highly-developed industry Sometimes the –ed participle can be used with a noun to form a compound. The noun indicates the agent or the means of the action. Usually there is a dash between the noun and the –ed participle. --man-made satellite；air-conditioned hotels 2) –ed participle derived from intransitive verbs The use of intransitive –ed participle as premodifier tends to be limited only to a few verbs: retired, escaped, faded, withered, fallen, expired, risen, returned, vanished, grown. These –ed participles have the sense of completion but imply no passive meaning. ---a retired teacher ---a faded flower. A few such –ed participle cannot be used as premodifiers unless they are combined with an adverb to form a compound. --- a well-behaved boy ---a widely-traveled businessman 22.2 –ed participle as complement -Ed participle that can be used as complement mostly comes from transitive verbs. Adjectival –ed participles can generally function either as complements or as premodifiers, except for some relics of the Old English. He has gone to a party. Has gone是现在完成时。 He was gone. 此处的Is是系动词，gone是形容词，作表语/主补，强调状态。Be gone主语是物时，常常表示“消逝了”、“不见了”、“用完了”。 e.g. Is the butter all gone? 黄油全吃完了吗？ When I came back my car was gone. Her job was gone. Have come/ is come e.g. The summer was come now. 1) Old English –ed participle In Moder