NaturalLanguageProcessingEnglishGrammar.pptVIP

74.406 Natural Language Processing- English Grammar - Morphology Basics of Morphology Morpheme = minimal meaning-bearing unit in a language e.g. cats, cat, -s Non-Concatenative Morphology templatic morphology: modify word templates Hebrew: lmd (study, learn) - limed (he taught) - lumad (he was taught) Concatenative Morphology word stem + prefix + suffix (+ infix + circumfix) Inflectional Morphology word stem + grammatical morpheme; same word class; cat+s Derivational Morphology word stem + grammat. morpheme; other word class; mob+b+ing Inflectional Morphology Inflectional Morphology word stem + grammatical morpheme cat+s only for nouns, verbs, and some adjectives Nouns plural: regular: +s, +es irregular: mouse - mice; ox - oxen rules for exceptions: e.g. -y - -ies like: butterfly - butterflies possessive: +s, + Verbs main verbs (sleep, eat, walk) modal verbs (can, will, should) primary verbs (be, have, do) Inflectional Morphology (verbs) Verb Inflections only for: main verbs (sleep, eat, walk); primary verbs (be, have, do) Morpholog. Form Regularly Inflected Form stem walk merge try map -s form walks merges tries maps -ing participle walking merging trying mapping past; -ed participle walked merged tried mapped Morph. Form Irregularly Inflected Form stem eat catch cut -s form eats catches cuts -ing participle eating catching cutting -ed past ate caught cut -ed participle eaten caught cut Inflectional and Derivational Morphology (adjectives) Adjective Inflections and Derivations: prefix un- unhappy adjective, negation suffix -ly happily adverb, mode -er happier adjective, comparative 1 -est happiest adjective, comparative 2 suffix -ness happiness noun plus combinations, like unhappiest, unhappiness. Distinguish different adjective classes, which can or cannot take certain inflectional or derivational forms, e.g. no negation for big. Morphological Processing Knowledge lexical entry: stem plus possible prefixes, suffixes plus word class