地下水资源开发利用结课论文.docx

地下水开发利用中的环境问题及其防治研究 摘要：近年来随着人口的增长和经济的飞速发展，对水的需求急剧增大，世界上许多地方越来越多地利用地下水。在正确认识地下水资源的基础上，实行合理的开发与用与管理，已成为当代地下水科学的重要课题。本文通过对地下水资源开利用过程中出现的环境问题进行调查和研究。结果表明：地下水开发利用过程中存在着区域地下水位持续下降、地面沉陷与塌陷、海水入侵、地下水污染等问题。地下水环境问题的发生主要是人类活动所引起.其原因有：“过量开采”；无节制地排放未经处理的废污水；经济发展与环境保护不协调；水土流失以及化肥、农药的不合理使用；水土资源的不合理开发利用；水资源短缺与水污染互为因果，加剧了地下水环境恶化。关键词：关键词：地下水资源；水质；污染；过量开采；防治措施中图分类号： 文献标识码：The study of environmental problem and methods of control in groundwaterdevelopment and utilizationCHEN Xi(North China University of Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, Henan Province, China)Abstract: Along with the population growing and the economy of our country increasing in recent years, the demands of water have been rising rapidly. Many places in the world are making more use of groundwater. Based on the right nderstanding groundwater resources, how to develop and utilize groundwater rationally has become important topic of contemporary groundwater science. This article through investigation and research of environmental problem in groundwater resources development and utilization. The result showed: there were many problems as if the water table lowering constantly, surface subsidence and collapse, seawater intrusion, groundwater pollution. The occurrence of the groundwater environment problem is mainly caused by mankinds activity. The reasons were: Unrestrained exploitation; effluence undressed with a free hand; economic development is out of keeping with environment protection; soil erosion, improper usage of fertilizers and pesticides; unreasonable development and utilization of water and soil resources; water resources shortage interact with water pollution; making worse the groundwater environment. Keywords： Groundwater resources; assessment method; water quality; pollution; unrestrained exploitation; methods of control1 引 言地下水既是一种自然资源，又是构成环境的基本要素。它是人类赖以生存的地球组成部分，又是水循环中的一个环节，与人类活动和生存息息相关。据调查，目前我国地下水利用量占全国水资源利用量的16%。当前人类面临的环境问题与地下水具有直接的关系，人类开发利用地下水，一方面是为了满足自身物质文明的需要，另一方面又在改变甚至是破坏自