【新课标人教版】（福建专用）2012届高考英语一轮复习精品学案：语法部分 第10讲 名词性从句.docVIP

第10讲 名词性从句 【定义】一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语，相当于名词，故称为名词性从句。 【四大从句】名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、主语从句 一个句子在另一个句子中充当主语，即句子充当主语，该句子称为主语从句。 【完成例句】 根据句意选词填空(that, if, whether, why, when, what) (1) That he will succeed is certain. (2) Whether he will go there is not known. (3) What he said is not true. (4) When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet. 【结论】 ①that－从句，从句为一个句意完整的陈述句，没有具体意义，不充当句子成分，只起标志性作用，但that 不能省略。 ②whether －从句，从句来源于一般疑问句，whether不能省略，意为“是否”，不能用if替换。 ③特殊疑问词－从句，从句来源于特殊疑问句，特殊疑问词不能省略，意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思，在从句中充当句子成分。 【疑难1】Who he is is none of my business. 【疑难剖析1】任何从句要用陈述句语序，即主谓语序。 【疑难2】That he likes English is known to us all. What he said at the meeting made me sad. 【疑难剖析2】主句时态为过去时，从句时态为过去的某一时态；主句时态为现在时或将来时，从句时态视具体情况而定。 【疑难3】That 2010 Asian Games are successful is known to all. 【疑难剖析3】单个句子作主语，视为单数。 【疑难3】It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. I It is John that broke the window. 【疑难剖析3】1．主语从句通常由it充当形式主语，而本身放在句子末尾。 2．it作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who / whom。 3. 用it 作形式主语的常用结构 ① It is ＋ 名词 ＋ 从句 It is a fact that…事实是…… It is an honor that…非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that………是常识 ②It is ＋ 形容词 ＋ 从句 It is natural that…很自然…… It is strange that…奇怪的是…… ③It is ＋ 不及物动词 ＋ 从句 It seems that…似乎…… It happened that…碰巧…… It appears that…似乎…… ④It ＋ 过去分词 ＋ 从句 It is reported that…据报道…… It has been proved that…已证实…… It is said that…据说…… 【疑难5】It is said that Chairman Hu will visit our school next week. (√) That Chairman Hu will visit our school next week is said. (×) 【疑难剖析5】主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： 1. if 引导的主语从句不可位于复合句句首。 2. It is said / reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 3. It happens / occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。 It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (√) That he failed in the exami