土壤肥力律及茶园施肥技术探讨.docVIP

土壤肥力律及茶园施肥技术探讨 　　摘要 外国前人以化学知识认识了矿质肥料是植物营养，给植物开辟了新肥源，为农业发展做出了贡献，但不足之处在于其主观将它确定为植物营养律，即所谓的无机肥施肥原理。该原理虽然能指导施给作物需要的无机营养，但它有质却无量的规定，导致盲目过多生产、施用无机肥而淋失，造成很多后果。但国内《土壤肥料学》又教条地继承了该原理指导实践，在指导实践几十年中，无机肥的生产和施用量都盲目不断扩大，出现过多施用氮肥，使氮肥的利用率只有30%～35%，淋失率达45%等多种后果。实践证明该原理的确只有质而无量的规定问题，所以它是错误的，应予否定。吸取教训后，提出运用逻辑思维揭示了土壤肥力律，即协调施肥原理。该原理使有机肥转化为土壤有机质，能调控无机肥，就可按有机质含量确定无机肥公顷施用量给作物施肥。因此，这一原理有质又有量的规定，不会出现上述失误，又能为制定协调生产、施用2种肥的技术提供理论依据。 　　关键词 土壤肥力律；茶园；协调施肥原理；调控能力；施肥技术 　　中图分类号 S14-3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-5739（2016）11-0250-04 　　Abstract Foreign predecessors learned that the mineral fertilizer is a new fertilizer source for plant nutrition through chemical knowledge，making contribution to agricultural development.However，there is still a disadvantage that they subjectively treat it as plant nutrition law，namely，the inorganic fertilizer fertilization principle.Although it can direct the inorganic nutrition that crops need，it does not stipulate the quantity，which will leads to excessive blind production and inorganic fertilizer leaching loss，thus causing a lot of negative consequences.However，domestic soil fertilizer science dogmatically inherits the theory.Over the past decades of guiding practice，the production and application of inorganic fertilizer were blindly expanding，which causes such consequences as overuse of nitrogenous fertilizer，low nitrogen use efficiency of 30%-35%，high leaching loss rate of 45%.Practice has proved that this principle is qualitative but not quantitive and that it should be denied.After learning from it，the coordinating fertilization principle that soil fertility law should be revealed through logical thinking is put forward.This principle converts organic fertilizer to the soil organic matter，which can control the inorganic fertilizer and determine application amount of inorganic fertilizer according to the organic matter content.The qualitative and quantitive stipulation does not cause above consequences and provides theoretical basis for coordinating production and t