Lecture3_mpi_computing(第二部分)选编.pptVIP

2.* Program sends message “Hello World” from master process (rank = 0) to each of the other processes (rank != 0). Then, all processes execute a println statement. In MPI, standard output automatically redirected from remote computers to the user’s console so final result will be Message from process =1 : Hello, world Message from process =0 : Hello, world Message from process =2 : Hello, world Message from process =3 : Hello, world ... except that the order of messages might be different but is unlikely to be in ascending order of process ID; it will depend upon how the processes are scheduled. 2.* 2.* Setting Up the Message Passing Environment Usually computers specified in a file, called a hostfile or machines file. File contains names of computers and possibly number of processes that should run on each computer. Implementation-specific algorithm selects computers from list to run user programs. 2.* 2.* Users may create their own machines file for their program. Example node01 (or IP address or domain name) node02 node03 node04 node05 node06 If a machines file not specified, a default machines file used or it may be that program will only run on a single computer. 2.* 2.* 2.* Compiling/Executing MPI Programs Minor differences in the command lines required depending upon MPI implementation. For the assignments, we will use MPICH or MPICH-2. Generally, a machines file need to be present that lists all the computers to be used. MPI then uses those computers listed. Otherwise it will simply run on one computer 2.* 2.* MPICH and MPICH-2 Both Windows and Linux versions Very easy to install on a Windows system. 2.* 2.* MPICH Commands Two basic commands: mpicc, a script to compile MPI programs mpirun, the original command to execute an MPI program, or mpiexec - MPI-2 standard command mpiexec replaces mpirun although mpirun still exists. 2.* 2.* Compiling/executing (SPMD) MPI program For MPICH. At a command line: To start MPI: Nothing