实时论文一种Linux实时化方法研究与实现.docVIP

实时论文：一种Linux实时化方法研究与实现 【中文摘要】近年来实时操作系统在国防、工业控制、通讯等领域得到了广泛的应用,也是一个研究的热点和重点。但是商用的实时操作系统由于其价格昂贵、源代码不开放等,使其在应用中受到了很大的限制。Linux自发布以来,因为其源代码开放等特点,得到了快速地发展和广泛地应用。Linux2.6通过采用抢占式内核、O(1)调度算法等提高了对实时任务的处理能力。但是,它仍不是一个实时内核。因此需要对Linux2.6进行实时化改进,提高其实时性能以满足各种实时环境下的应用。细化系统时钟粒度、改善内核调度器的调度性能、增强内核抢占性能是Linux实时化的主要方法。本文在深入研究Linux2.6内核代码的基础上,着重对Linux的时钟机制和调度机制进行了详细分析和总结,并对其在实时应用上的不足加以改进。在细化时钟粒度方面,借鉴了KURT-Linux的UTIME机制,将单次触发时钟模式(one-shot)引入到2.6内核中,实现了一种混合时钟模式,达到了微秒级的定时精度,较好地解决了时钟精度问题。Linux2.6对实时进程的调度算法简单,不能满足实时任务的时限要求。本文结合不同调度算法在不同的系统负载情况下的性能表现,提出了基于阈值的分级调度算法(CSBOT),在系统轻载时采用基于阈值的LSF调度算法,系统超载时使用关键度/紧急度优先调度算法,兼顾了轻载时的系统利用率和超载时重要任务的执行。最后的测试表明,修改后的内核能得到微秒级的定时精度。基于阈值的分级调度算法在轻载时具有和经典EDF算法相同的系统利用率,在超载时能保证重要任务的执行,实现性能的优雅降级,有效地增强了Linux系统的实时调度能力。 【英文摘要】In recent years, real-time operating system has been widely used in the defense, Industri- al control, communications and other fields, and it is also a research focus and emphasis. But the commercial real-time operating system has been greatly restricted in the application beca- use its price is high and the source code does not make it opening up.Since Linux is launched, Linux has been rapid development and wide application becau- se of its open source and other characteristics. Linux2.6 improves the capacity for real time tasks by the use of preemptive kernel, O (1) scheduling algorithm and so on. However, it is still not a real time kernel. Hence Linux2.6 is needed to improve real-time, and improve the real-time performance to meet application under a variety of real-time environment. The prin- cipal method of Linux real-time is refining the system clock granularity, to improving the scheduling performance of the kernel scheduler, and enhancing kernel preemption performan- ce.On the basis of in-depth study of Linux2.6 kernel code, This paper conducts a detailed analysis and summary focusing on the Linux clock mechanism and scheduling mechanism and improve the disadvantage in real time applications. In terms of refinement-clock granula- rity, it dr