双chap08management.pptVIP

10- Organization chart Organization chart It is a graphic illustration of the organization’s management hierarchy and departments and their working relationships. Example: GM’s organization chart The chart shows four major aspects of a firm: The level of management hierarchy Chain of command The division and type of work Departmentalization 组织工作的主要目的： 1、将任务划分为可由各个职位和部门划分的工作 2、将工作职责分派给各个职位 3、协调组织的多项任务 4、将若干职位组织合为部门 5、设定个人、群体及部门之间的关系 6、建立起正式的职权线 7、分配调度组织的资源 Departmentalization Departmentalization is the grouping of related activities into units. Department may be created with an internal or external focus. Departmentalization around the internal operations or functions functional - groups jobs by functions performed process - groups jobs on the basis of product flow Departmentalization External or output departmentalization is based on activities that focus on factors outside the organization territory - groups jobs on the basis of territory or geography customer - groups jobs on the basis of common customers product - groups jobs by product line ?Span of management Span of Management : also known as the span of control The fewer employees supervised, the smaller or narrower span of management. The more employees supervised, the greater or wider the span. Height of organizational levels A flat organization has few levels of management with wide spans of management. A tall organization has many levels of management with narrow spans of management. Flat versus Tall organizations There is no best number of employees to manager appropriate span influenced by Current trend: Organizations have cut management levels and restructured with flattened management hierarchies. line 、staff and functional authority Line authority The responsibility to make decision and issue order down the chain of command. Staff authority The responsibility to advise and assist other personnel. 其特点： 1、参谋人员向上级提供的咨询帮助，上级可以接受