循流化床锅炉基础知识题库.pptVIP

循流化床锅炉基础知识1 Basic Knowledge of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler 1.1 循流化床锅炉的概念 1.1 Concept of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler 采用循环流化床燃烧技术，燃用固体燃料的锅炉就是循环流化床锅炉。固体颗粒（燃料、底渣、循环灰、石灰石、砂子等）在炉膛内以流态化的方式运动，被流化风带走的部分颗粒经分离器分离，送回炉膛循环燃烧。炉膛内的颗粒浓度高，燃烧、传质、传热剧烈，温度分布均匀。 The circulating fluidized bed boiler (CFB boiler) is a kind of boiler which utilizes the combustion technology of circulating fluidized bed, and fired with solid fuel. The solid particles (fuel, bottom slag, circulating ash, limestone, sand, etc.) are moving in the way of fluidized state in the furnace. The partial particles taken away by air are separated by separators, and then return back to the furnace for circulating combustion. In the furnace, consistence of particles is high, the distribution of temperature is even, combustion, material conveying, and heat transfer are violent. 循环流化床锅炉的工作过程大致为：燃料及石灰石脱硫剂经破碎至合适粒度后，由给煤机和给料机从流化床燃烧室布风板上部给入，与燃烧室内炽热的沸腾物料混合，被迅速加热，燃料迅速着火燃烧、石灰石则与燃料燃烧生成的SO2反应生成CaS04，从而起到脱硫作用。燃烧室温度控制在850℃左右。在较高气流速度的作用下，燃烧充满整个炉膛，并有大量固体颗粒被携带出燃烧室，经高温旋风分离器分离后，一部分热炉料直接送回流化床燃烧室继续参与燃烧；另—部分则送至外置床换热器，在外置床换热器中与受热面和空气进行热交换，被冷却至400～600℃后，经送灰器送回燃烧室或排出炉外。经旋风分离器导出的高温烟气，在尾部烟道与对流受热面换热后，通过布袋除尘器或静电除尘器，由烟囱排出。 Generally, the working process of CFB boiler is that after fuel and limestone are crushed into proper particle sizes, they are conveyed to the combustion chamber above the air distributor, by coal feeders and material feeders and then they are mixed with hot fluidized material to be heated up rapidly. Thus, fuel catches fire quickly and burn, limestone reacts with SO2, which fuel burns and generated, to produce CaS04, so that can we have the desulphurizing function. The chemical reaction equations are as follows: C + O2 → CO2↑ C + O2 → CO↑ 2CO + O2 → 2CO2↑ CaCO3 → CaO + CO2↑ S + O2 → SO2↑ CaO + SO2 → CaSO3 2CaSO3 + O2 → CaSO4 The temperature of combustion chamber should be controlled to about 850℃. Under the influence of high speed air flow, the combustion is full of furnace, and a lot of solid particles have been carr