高大上英国历史7.7theRiseandFall7浅析.ppt

* The Rise and Fall of the British Empire (1688~) Chapter 7 History —— * Contents Page 1 5 2 4 3 Industrial Revolution Colonial Expansion The First World War  The Second World War  Postwar Britain Background to the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution The British Industrial Revolution was a necessary result of social development in Britain. It was an outgrowth of social and institutional changes brought by the end of feudalism in Britain after the English Civil War in the 17th century. Industrial Revolution 1 4 3 2 The Industrial Revolution in Britain first began in the textile industry．Ever since the enclosures，wool and woolen cloth had been the principal exports of England As the 18th century began, coal came to replace wood. Early-model steam engines were introduced to drain water and raise coal from the mines. The greatly improved engine (1769) of James Watt marked the high point in this development. The invention of the steam engine led to the fast development of the iron, steel and coal industries Process of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution 1 4 3 2 The expansion of production and trade promoted the transportation revolution. Stephenson built the first steam locomotive in 1814 and this marked the beginning of a new stage of the Industrial RevolutionThe Industrial Revolution did not in fact end in Britain in the mid-1800s. New periods came in with electricity and the gasoline engine. By 1850, however, the transformation wrought by the revolution was accomplished, in that industry had become a dominant factor in the nation’s life. Process of the Industrial Revolution Industrial Revolution Effect of the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution turned Britain into the“workshop of the world”．English products flooded the world market．The English bourgeoisie amassed large amounts of wealth through trade，plunder and colonization．No country was strong enough to match England in the l9th centu