ReviewonNumberSystems解读.pptVIP

Review on Number Systems Decimal, Binary, and Hexadecimal Base-N Number System Base N N Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …, N-1 Example: 1045N Positional Number System Decimal Number System Base 10 Ten Digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Example: 104510 Positional Number System Digit d0 is the least significant digit (LSD). Digit dn-1 is the most significant digit (MSD). Binary Number System Base 2 Two Digits: 0, 1 Example:Positional Number System Binary Digits are called Bits Bit bo is the least significant bit (LSB). Bit bn-1 is the most significant bit (MSB). Definitions nybble = 4 bits byte = 8 bits (short) word = 2 bytes = 16 bits (double) word = 4 bytes = 32 bits (long) word = 8 bytes = 64 bits 1K (kilo or “kibi”) = 1,024 1M (mega or “mebi”) = (1K)*(1K) = 1,048,576 1G (giga or “gibi”) = (1K)*(1M) = 1,073,741,824 Hexadecimal Number System Base 16 Sixteen Digits: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F Example: EF5616 Positional Number System Binary Addition Hex Addition Hex Digit Addition Table 1’s Complements 1’s complement (or Ones’ Complement) To calculate the 1’s complement of a binary number just “flip” each bit of the original binary number. E.g. 0 ? 1 , 1 ? 0 01010100100 ? 10101011011 Why choose 2’s complement? 2’s Complements 2’s complement To calculate the 2’s complement just calculate the 1’s complement, then add 1. 01010100100 ? 10101011011 + 1= 10101011100 Handy Trick: Leave all of the least significant 0’s and first 1 unchanged, and then “flip” the bits for all other digits. Eg: 01010100100 - 10101011100 Complements Note the 2’s complement of the 2’s complement is just the original number N EX: let N = 01010100100 (2’s comp of N) = M = 10101011100 (2’s comp of M) = 01010100100 = N Two’s Complement Representation for Signed Numbers Let’s introduce a notation for negative digits: For any digit d, define d = ?d. Notice that in binary, where d ? {0,1}, we have: Two’s complement