2013届高考英语一轮复习讲义： Unit 13 People1. 过去分词作定语、表语、宾语.docVIP

2013届高考英语一轮复习讲义： Unit 13 People1. 过去分词作定语、表语、宾语不足语和状语 【要点提示】 过去分词在句中可承担形容词和副词在句中的作用，充当定语和表语。 一、过去分词作定语 1、在句中的位置 单个的过去分词作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词前面。例如： a broken heart一颗破碎的心；a lost dog丧家之犬；a risen sun已升起的太阳；an organized trip有组织的旅行；a broken glass被打破的玻璃杯 但也有后置的情况，例如： The food left is not for you, but for my son.剩下的食物不是给你的，而是留给我儿子的。 过去分词短语作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词或代词后面。例如： a trip organized by the league由共青团组织的旅行 a glass broken by the boy被这个男孩打破的玻璃杯 The excited people rushed out of the building. They found a damaged car at the gate of the park. 2、所表示的意义 过去分词作定语，有“被动”或“已完成”之意义。表示“已完成”时，其动作先于谓语动词动作之前而发生，表示“被动”意义时，其时间性不强，多不明确。例如： The letter posted yesterday will soon reach him.他很快就能收到昨天寄出的信了。（已完成） Have you read the books written by the young writer？你读过那位年轻作家写的小说吗？（被动） 3、转换 过去分词作定语时，相当于一个定语从句，多可转换成定语从句。例如： The stolen bike belongs to Jack.被偷的自行车是杰克的。 ( The bike which had been stolen belongs to Jack. The lecture given by Professor Zhang is about environment protection.张教授所做的报告是关于环境保护的。 (The lecture which was given by Professor Zhang is about the environment protection. 二、过去分词作状语 1、作用 过去分词作状语，可表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式等。例如： Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. 受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因） Heated to a certain degree, any metal will be melted.当加热到一定温度，任何金属都会溶化。（时间或条件） United, we stand; divided, we fall.合，则存，分，则亡。（条件） Given more time, we could have done it better.若是给予了更多时间，我们就可以做得更好。（表示虚拟条件） Defeated in the last game, they never lost heart.尽管上次比赛失利，他们从不泄气。 Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.他走进山洞，既怀有希望，也饱含恐惧。（方式） 2、转换 过去分词做状语，相当于一个状语从句，故可转换成相应的状语从句。上述句子分别可转换成如下句子： As he was praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents. If they are taken good care of, the young dogs will certainly stay alive. If we had been given more time, we could have done it better. Though they had been defeated in the last game, they never lost heart. 表示方式的过去分词结构多转换成并列句，如上述最后一句一般转换如下： He entered the cave and he was filled with hopes and fears. 3、“连词＋过去分词”结构 有时为了使过去分词表示的逻辑关系更为明