英译汉方法剖析.ppt

4.2 无施动者的被动句的译法 英语中一些没有指明施动者的被动句，可译成汉语中具有主动形式而含有被动意义的主动句。这类句子在汉语中称之为简化被动态或当然被动句，是汉语中长期形成的一种习惯表达法，其被动含义是不言而喻的。 He was scared out of his wits. The movie will be shown again tomorrow. The novel has already been translated into many languages. 1. 他吓得魂飞魄散。 2. 电影明天还要放映。 3. 这本小说已译成好几种语言。 4.3 译成汉语无主句 有些英语的被动句在译为汉语的主动句式时，不是保留原文的主语，而是译成无主句，更符合汉语的习惯。 The matter was never mentioned again. Tremendous research work has been done to bring about such fantastic speeds. A considerable investment has been made in the exploration of the sea depths. The educational reform must be carried through to the end. 1. 后来再也没提这件事。 2. 为了达到这样神奇的速度，进行了巨大的研究工作。 3. 在海底勘探方面进行了巨额投资。 4. 必须把教育改革进行到底。 4.4 受动者+被动式谓语+施动者→施动者+主动式谓语+受动者 把英语被动句的主语改做宾语，以原句中的施动者作主语这种译法，就是把英语的被动句转换成汉语的如下句式： 施动者+主动式谓语+受动者 Yet, only a part of this energy is used by man. 然而，人类只利用了这种能源的一部分。 如原句未说出施动者，可以不上大家、人们、有人之类的词做主语。 B.施动者+“把”（或“给”等）+受动者+主动式谓语 The famous hotel had been practically destroyed by the big fire. We are brought freedom and happiness by socialism. 1.大火把这家著名的旅馆几乎完全毁掉了。 2. 社会主义给我们带来了自由和幸福。 4.5 译成判断句 有的英语被动句可译为汉语的判断句，即用汉语的“是……的”表示。 1、The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader. 2、My first thirty years were spent in Western America. 1、The movement to oppose racial discrimination was personally initiated and led by a famous Negro leader. 这次反种族歧视运动是由一位著名的黑人领袖亲自发动和领导的。 2、My first thirty years were spent in Western America. 我的前三十年是在美国西部度过的。 4.6 用汉语“被”、“受”等词表示被动意义 着重被动动作的英语被动句，可译成汉语的完全被动态，用表示被动的助词“被”、或跟“被”意义相同的“受”、“给”、“让”、“使”等构成，或用“加以”、“予以”等后面加谓语动词表示被动。 1、The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance. 2、They are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker, and particularly, by the manufacturer himself. 3、The laws of motion will be discussed in the next article. 1、The education of the young is seen to be of primary importance. 教育青少年被视为头等重要的大事。 2、They are daily and hourly enslaved by the machine, by the overlooker