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DNATechnologyandGenomics
DNA Technology and Genomics
Chapter 12
A. Genes can be cloned in recombinant plasmids
B. Restriction enzymes
C. Genomic library
D. cDNA library
E. Hybridization
F. Genetically modified organisms
G. GMO are changing agriculture
H. Concern about GMO
I. Gene therapy
J. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
K. Gel electrophoresis
L. STR analysis is used for DNA profiling
M. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms
N. Genomics
O. Proteomics
A. Genes can be cloned in recombinant plasmids
Plasmids are very useful in DNA technology as genes can be added to the plasmid to give bacteria special abilities.
What is a plasmid?
A plasmid is a small circular DNA molecule that is separate from the bacterial chromosome. It has its own origin of replication, so that it is replicated. Often it has genes as well.
Scientists can transfer plasmids into bacteria.
What 3 methods can be used to transfer plasmids into bacteria?
1. transformation
2. transduction
3. conjugation
The plasmids can contain interesting genes that will be expressed by the bacteria.
There are many applications of DNA technology.
Biotechnology is the use of organisms to perform practical tasks.
Two pieces of DNA that are joined are called recombinant DNA.
The laboratory techniques that are used to make recombinant DNA are called recombinant DNA technology.
DNA ligase: an enzyme that forms covalent bonds between the ends of DNA strands
Gene cloning is producing many copies of a piece of DNA that contains a gene.
Often genes are cloned by putting the DNA that contains a gene into a plasmid. Then the plasmid can be transferred into bacteria such as E. coli and many copies of the gene are produced when the bacteria divides.
Making recombinant bacteria
The steps for cloning a gene:
1. Isolate a plasmid.
This will be our vector.
3. The plasmid is cut with an enzyme that cuts the DNA sequence in only one place.
4. The DNA ofinterest is cut with the same enzyme.
5. The target DNA fragment and plasmi
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