DD5-c9-高频电感和变压器的设计材料.ppt

Use three strands of AWG 25 wires [3], each with a cross-sectional area of 0.16mm2 , in parallel for each winding. Soluction: 4 selecting Acond 9-7 Loss mechanisms in magnetic circuits ☆ The size of a magnetic component is often determined by loss. Generally, the losses can be divided into 2 components: winding associated loss and core associated loss. 1 Winding loss At low frequency (including dc), winding loss is just due to the dc resistance in the winding and is easy to calculate. Pdiss=(irms)2Rwire At higher frequency, there are additional effect we must consider of: skin effect and proximity effect. Skin effect Skin effect is the “self-shielding” effect of conductors: Due to eddy currents generated by changes in magnetic field of an ac current, the fields and currents may not penetrate inside a conductor at high frequency. I(t) H(t) I(t) J(t) J(t) 0 Eddy currents r a a (a) (b) (c) Time-varying current i(t) ↓ Magnetic fields H(t) ↓ Eddy currents According to Lenz’s law, magnetic fields within the core induce currents (“eddy currents”) to flow within the core. The eddy currents flow such that they tend to generate a flux which opposes changes in the core flux Φ(t). The eddy currents tend to prevent flux from penetrating the core. Eddy Currents Increase Winding Losses eddy currents cause a nonuniform current density in the conductor. Effective resistance of conductor increased over dc value. For sinusoidal currents: current density is an exponentially decaying function of distance into the conductor, with characteristic length δ known as the penetration depth or skin depth. Numerical example using copper at 100°C. Frequency 50 H z 5 k H z 20 k H z 500 k H z Skin Depth 10 . 6 m m 1 . 06 m m 0 . 53 m m 0 . 106 m m For copper at room temperature: So, if we need to carry high frequency current, wine of radiusδis not useful, since the current will be carried only on the surface of the wine. ☆ The solu