ICRP_84_Pregnancy_s.pptVIP

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ICRP_84_Pregnancy_s

Pregnancy and Medical Radiation International Commission on Radiological Protection Information abstracted from ICRP Publication 84 Available at Task Group: R. Brent, F. Mettler, L. Wagner, C. Streffer, M. Berry, S. He, T. Kusama Use and disclaimer This is a PowerPoint file It may be downloaded free of charge It is intended for teaching and not for commercial purposes This slide set is intended to be used with the complete text provided in ICRP Publication 84 Contents Introduction Fetal radiation risks Informed consent, notices, pregnancy determination Fetal doses from procedures Pregnant workers Research involving radiation during pregnancy Issues regarding termination of pregnancy Introduction Thousands of pregnant women are exposed to ionising radiation each year Lack of knowledge is responsible for great anxiety and probably unnecessary termination of pregnancies For most patients, radiation exposure is medically appropriate and the radiation risk to the fetus is minimal Example: justified use of CT Pregnant female, was in motor vehicle accident 3 minute CT exam and taken to the operating room. She and the child survived Fetal radiation risk There are radiation-related risks throughout pregnancy that are related to the stage of pregnancy and absorbed dose Radiation risks are most significant during organogenesis and in the early fetal period, somewhat less in the 2nd trimester, and least Radiation-induced malformations Malformations have a threshold of 100-200 mGy or higher and are typically associated with central nervous system problems Fetal doses of 100 mGy are not reached even with 3 pelvic CT scans or 20 conventional diagnostic x-ray examinations These levels can be reached with fluoroscopically guided interventional procedures of the pelvis and with radiotherapy Central nervous system effects During 8-25 weeks post-conception the CNS is particularly sensitive to radiation Fetal doses in excess of 100 mGy can result in some reduction of IQ (i

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