Module 21 Windows 2000.pptVIP

Module 21: Windows 2000 History Design Principles System Components Environmental Subsystems File system Networking Programmer Interface Windows 2000 32-bit preemptive multitasking operating system for Intel microprocessors. Key goals for the system: portability security POSIX compliance multiprocessor support extensibility international support compatibility with MS-DOS and MS-Windows applications. Uses a micro-kernel architecture. Available in four versions, Professional, Server, Advanced Server, National Server. In 1996, more NT server licenses were sold than UNIX licenses History In 1988, Microsoft decided to develop a “new technology” (NT) portable operating system that supported both the OS/2 and POSIX APIs. Originally, NT was supposed to use the OS/2 API as its native environment but during development NT was changed to use the Win32 API, reflecting the popularity of Windows 3.0. Design Principles Extensibility — layered architecture. Executive, which runs in protected mode, provides the basic system services. On top of the executive, several server subsystems operate in user mode. Modular structure allows additional environmental subsystems to be added without affecting the executive. Portability — 2000 can be moved from on hardware architecture to another with relatively few changes. Written in C and C++. Processor-dependent code is isolated in a dynamic link library (DLL) called the “hardware abstraction layer” (HAL). Design Principles (Cont.) Reliability — 2000 uses hardware protection for virtual memory, and software protection mechanisms for operating system resources. Compatibility — applications that follow the IEEE 1003.1 (POSIX) standard can be complied to run on 2000 without changing the source code. Performance — 2000 subsystems can communicate with one another via high-performance message passing. Preemption of low priority threads enables the system to respond quickly to external events. Designed for symmetrical multiprocessing. Interna