Complex Behavior of Simple Systems.pptVIP

Complex Behavior of Simple Systems J. C. Sprott Department of Physics University of Wisconsin - Madison Presented to International Conference on Complex Systems in Nashua, NH on May 23, 2000 Lorenz Equations (1963) dx/dt = sy - sx dy/dt = -xz + rx - y dz/dt = xy - bz 7 terms, 2 quadratic nonlinearities, 3 parameters R?ssler Equations (1976) dx/dt = -y - z dy/dt = x + ay dz/dt = b + xz - cz 7 terms, 1 quadratic nonlinearity, 3 parameters Lorenz Quote (1993) “One other study left me with mixed feelings. Otto Roessler of the University of Tübingen had formulated a system of three differential equations as a model of a chemical reaction. By this time a number of systems of differential equations with chaotic solutions had been discovered, but I felt I still had the distinction of having found the simplest. Roessler changed things by coming along with an even simpler one. His record still stands.” R?ssler Toroidal Model (1979) dx/dt = -y - z dy/dt = x dz/dt = ay - ay2 - bz 6 terms, 1 quadratic nonlinearity, 2 parameters Sprott (1994) 14 more examples with 6 terms and 1 quadratic nonlinearity 5 examples with 5 terms and 2 quadratic nonlinearities Gottlieb (1996) What is the simplest jerk function that gives chaos? Displacement: x Velocity: = dx/dt Acceleration: = d2x/dt2 Jerk: = d3x/dt3 Sprott (1997) dx/dt = y dy/dt = z dz/dt = -az + y2 - x 5 terms, 1 quadratic nonlinearity, 1 parameter Bifurcation Diagram Return Map Fu and Heidel (1997) Dissipative quadratic systems with less than 5 terms cannot be chaotic. They would have no adjustable parameters. Weaker Nonlinearity dx/dt = y dy/dt = z dz/dt = -az + |y|b - x Seek path in a-b space that gives chaos as b ? 1. Regions of Chaos Linz and Sprott (1999) dx/dt = y dy/dt = z dz/dt = -az - y + |x| - 1 6 terms, 1 abs nonlinearity, 2 parameters (but one =1) General Form dx/dt = y dy/dt = z dz/dt = -az - y + G(x) G(x) = ±(b|x| - c) G(x) = -bmax(x,0) + c G(x) = ±(bx - csgn(x)) etc