-Transport-Fundamentals.ppt

Transport Fundamentals Chapter 6 Transport fundamentals Transportation is a vital component in the design and management of logistics systems. About 1/3 – 2/3 of total logistics costs. The focus of this chapter The facilities and services that make up the transportation system. The rates (costs) and performance of the various transport services that a manager might select. Importance of an effective transportation system With a poorly transportation system, the market is limited surrounding the point of production. EX:fresh fruits, vegetables, perishable products. ?Rapid shipment. Importance of an effective transportation system Wider markets can result in lower production costs. Inexpensive transportation permits decoupling of markets and production sites. EX:auto parts manufactured in Taiwan, Indonesia, South Korea, and Mexico are used in assembly operations in the U.S.A. . Importance of an effective transportation system As transportation becomes more efficient, will to reduce product prices. EX:Crude oil use the large supertanker. Five basic modes(single-service choices) Rail Truck Air Water pipeline Transportation service characteristics 1.Price ?See Table 6-1. 2.Transit time and variability ?See Figure 6-1. 3.Loss and damage ?maybe to provide increased protective packaging. Price For-hire service The rate charged for the movement of goods between two points Pickup at origin Delivery at destination Insurance Preparing the goods for shipment The service is owned by the shipper Fuel Labor Maintenance Depreciation of equipment Administrative costs Transit Time and Variability The way of Measurement Door to door 600哩以上 空運最快 卡車整車(TL)其次 卡車零擔(LTL)第三 鐵路整車(CL)第四 小於600哩 航空與卡車運輸不相上下 Average delivery time Highest ? Rail Lowest ? Air Variability relative to the average transit time (變動時間/運輸時間) The least dependable ? Air The most dependable ?Truckload 鐵路運輸 特徵 投資成本龐大:土地,軌道,車輛,終點設備,維護 路線容量高 具自動控制的能力 專用路權 車路一體或車路分離 鐵路運輸(續) 優點 長途運量大 安全性高 運價低廉 受氣候限制小 鐵路運輸(續) 缺點 維修不易 缺乏彈性