b-LactamaseInhibitors.pptVIP

Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans group streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Some enterococci. Gram-negative bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Atypical bacteria The Antimicrobial Activity of Quinupristin/Dalfopristin (parenteral) The Oxazolidinones The structure of Linezolide Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes. Viridans group streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococci, Enterococci. Gram-negative bacteria Anaerobic bacteria Atypical bacteria The Antimicrobial Activity of Linezolid (both oral and parenteral) * Zwitterionic compounds Enhanced ability to cross the outer membrane of Gram negative bacteria Good affinity for the transpeptidase enzyme Low affinity for some b-lactamases Active vs. Gram + cocci and a broad array of Gram - bacteria Active vs. P. aeruginosa 11. Fourth Generation Cephalosporins Oximinocephalosporins R Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans streptococci, Many Streptocossus pneumoniae. Modest activity against Staphylococcus aureus Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp. Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria spp. Many other Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Anaerobic bacteria Atypical bacteria Fourth Generation Cephalosporins include cefepime (parenteral). Newer b-Lactam Antibiotics Thienamycin (Merck 1976)(from Streptomyces cattleya) Potent and wide range of activity vs Gram + and Gram - bacteria Active vs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa Low toxicity High resistance to b-lactamases Poor stability in solution (ten times less stable than Pen G) Newer b-Lactam Antibiotics Thienamycin analogues used in the clinic Imipenem Ertapenem(2002) Meropenem Primaxin = Imipenem + Cilastatin Cilastatin is an inhibitor of a human enzyme, renal dehydropeptidase, which degrades carbapenems Meropenem, Merrem, AstraZeneca Ertapenem, Invanz, Merck Gram-positive bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes, Viridans group streptococci, Streptococcus pneumo