大学英语虚拟语气详解.pptVIP

虚拟语气 虚拟语气的两种用法： 1）用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。 2）虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多。 条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况。 时间 ?????从句谓语形式 ???主句谓语形式 将来 动词过去式(be用were) should +?动词原形 were to +?动词原形 would / should / might / could +?动词原形 现在 动词过去式(be?用?were) would / should / might / could +?动词原形 过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have +?动词过去分词 真实条件句： 用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生。 句型 条件从句 主句 一般现在时 shall/will+动词原形 祈使句 情态动词一般现在时 例句：If he coms, he will bring his violin.、 If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 注意： 1) 在真实条件句中，主句不能用be going to表示将来，要用shall,will. 2) 表示真理时，主句谓语动词不用shall(will)+动词原形，而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。 If you leave now, you are never going to forget it. （错） If you leave now, you will never forget it. （对） 非真实条件句： 1) 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况，时态的基本特点是时态往后推移。 a. 与现在事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 一般过去时（be用were） should(would)等+动词原形 例句: If they were here, they would help you. 含义：They are not here, they can’t help you. If I knew his phone number, I would tell you. b. 与过去事实相反的假设 条件从句 主句 过去完成时 should(would)等+have+过去分词 例句: If he had come yesterday, I should/would have told him about it. 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it. If I had taken your advice, I would not have made such a mistake. c. 表示对将来不大可能发生的事情的假想 例句: If you succeeded, everything would be all right. If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all rignt 含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything will be what it is now. 条件从句 主句 一般过去时 should/would等+动词原形 were+不定式 should+动词原形 例句： 1．If he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 2．If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。 （事实：下雪可能性很小，不可能） 3．If she were to be here next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 （事实：来的可能性很小，不可能） 混合条件句（错综条件句）： 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。 例如： If you had asked him yesterday, you would k