Unit7国际结算综述.ppt

letter of credit The documentary credit or letter of credit is an undertaking issued by a bank for the account of the buyer(the applicant) or for its own account, to pay the beneficiary the value of the draft and/or documents provided that the terms and conditions of the documentary credit are complied with. 跟单信用证或信用证是银行（开证行）根据买方（申请人）的要求和指示或以银行自身的名义开立的，凭 符合信用证条款的单据，向卖方（受益人）支付一定金额的书面承诺 i.向第三者或其指定人进行付款，或支付或承兑受益人开立的汇票； ii.授权另一家银行进行该项付款，或承兑和支付汇票； iii.授权另一家银行议付 A letter from a bank guaranteeing that a buyers payment to a seller will be received on time and for the correct amount. In the event that the buyer is unable to make payment on the purchase, the bank will be required to cover the full or remaining amount of the purchase.  The issuing bank undertakes to effect payment, quite independent of whether the applicant is bankrupt or is in default or not, provided the documents presented are in compliance with the terms and conditions of the credit. Function of L/C The L/C solves the possible problems arising from the distrust between the seller and the buyer. Under L/C, the seller can feel assured that so long as he has made the delivery of the goods and got the required documents he can get the payment of the goods in time and the buyer can also feel at ease that he can get the shipping documents at the same time when he effects the payment of the goods.  Parties involved in a documentary credit  一、开证申请人(APPLICANT) 二、开证行(ISSUING BANK/OPENING BANK) 三、通知行(ADVISING BANK) 四、受益人(BENEFICIARY) 五、保兑行(CONFIRMING BANK) 六、议付行(NEGOTIATING BANK) 七、付款行(PAYING BANK) 八、承兑行(ACCEPTING BANK) 九、偿付行(REIMBERSING BANK) 信用证的种类 普通信用证 光票信用证 Clean Credit 跟单信用证 Documentary Credit 可撤销信用证 Revocable Credit 不可撤销信用证 Irrevocable Credit 即期付款信用证 Sight Payment Credit 延期付款信用证 Deferred Payment Credit 特殊信用证 可转让信用证 Transferable Credit 对背信用证 Back to Back Credit 对开信用证 Reciprocal Credit 循环信用证 Revolving Credit Red clause/Anticipatory credit红条款/预支信用证 Useful words Means illegal means 非法手段 Try every mea