西安交大高数8—8.pptVIP

第六节 二元函数的极值及其求法 一、问题的提出 二、二元函数的极值和最值 三、条件极值拉格朗日乘数法 四、小结 * 一、问题的提出 二、二元函数的极值和最值 三、条件极值拉格朗日乘数法 四、小结 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 实例：某商店卖两种牌子的果汁，本地牌子每瓶进价1元，外地牌子每瓶进价1.2元，店主估计，如果本地牌子的每瓶卖 元，外地牌子的每瓶卖 元，则每天可卖出 瓶本地牌子的果汁， 瓶外地牌子的果汁问：店主每天以什么价格卖两种牌子的果汁可取得最大收益？ 每天的收益为 求最大收益即为求二元函数的最大值. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1、二元函数极值的定义 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. (1) (2) (3) 例1 例２ 例３ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 2、二元函数取得极值的条件 证 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 仿照一元函数，凡能使一阶偏导数同时为零的点，均称为函数的驻点. 注意： 驻点 极值点 问题：如何判定一个驻点是否为极值点？ Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 求最值的一般方法： 将函数在D内的所有驻点处的函数值及在D的边界上的最大值和最小值相互比较，其中最大者即为最大值，最小者即为最小值. 与一元函数相类似，我们可以利用函数的极值来求函数的最大值和最小值. 3、多元函数的最值 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 解 如图, Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NE