2004-11-26 Designing Affordance in UbiComp Latter Part.ppt

Dr. Hui Wang Wanghui@ Dec.26, 2004 Outline Ubiquitous Computing Affordance Affordance in HCI Affordance in UbiComp Future Study Narrow Broadcasting, New Challenge Development of Computers 无处不在计算中人机交互的核心 人类活动模型 Understanding human action 执行和评估的鸿沟 Gulfs of execution and evaluation 如何实现？Affordances 无意识认知 Automatic 快; 需要很少的注意力; 不干扰其它活动 自动的过程 一旦学好难以改变 有意识认知 Controlled 需要较多注意力和有意识的控制 容易改变 Outline Ubiquitous Computing Affordance Affordance in HCI Affordance in UbiComp Future Study Narrow Broadcasting, New Challenge Lack of Affordance – Example Now with an Affordance!! What is Affordance? First coined by J.J Gibson in 1979: The affordances of the environment are what it offers the animal, what it provides or furnishes, either for good or ill. The verb to afford is found in the dictionary, but the noun affordance is not. I have made it up. I mean by it something that refers to both the environment and the animal in a way that no existing term does. It implies the complementarity of the animal and the environment... 视觉感知理论 Visual perception Theories Constructive theorists: the process of seeing is active; view of the world constructed from info in environment and previously stored knowledge Ecological theorists: perception involves the process of picking up info from the environment; doesn’t require construction or elaboration (生态学方法认为认为感知是一个直接的过程，可以作为无意识人机交互的一个理论基础) Ecological Psychology -- JJ Gibson People developed in the real world Human perceptual ability shaped strongly by features of the natural world An Evolutionary theory of psychology An Evolutionary theory of psychology Natural selection gave us abilities to recognize and manipulate tools Information-Foraging Theory Information scent The economics of attention and cost structure of information. Natural and artificial information systems evolve toward states that maximize the delivery of more valuable information per unit cost Gibson’s Affordances An affordance exists relative to the action capabilities