ch10_-_metallic_bonding.ppt

The electron sea model of bonding in metals The structure of metal consists of a giant structure of cationic lattice immersed in a sea of mobile valence electrons. The electrostatic attraction between the delocalized electron cloud and the metallic ions is the metallic bonding. Closed-packed Structure Open Structure * New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 1 * Chapter 10 Metallic Bonding 10.1 Metallic Bonding 10.2 Metallic Radius 10.3 Factors Affecting the Strength of Metallic Bonding 10.4 Metallic Crystals 10.1 Metallic Bonding (SB p.248) Metallic radius (r) is defined as half of the internuclear distance between atoms in a metal crystal. 10.2 Metallic Radius (SB p.249) Atoms in a metallic crystal The metallic bond increases with: 1. decreasing size of the metal atom  (i.e. the atomic/metallic radius); 2. increasing number of valence electrons  of the metal atom. 10.3 Factors Affecting the Strength of Metallic Bonding (SB p.249) Metals with small and highly charged cations form stronger metallic bonds 10.3 Factors Affecting the Strength of Metallic Bonding (SB p.250) Effect of number of valence electrons on metallic bond strength 98 650 660 1 2 3 Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Melting point (oC) Number of valence electrons(s) Metal 10.3 Factors Affecting the Strength of Metallic Bonding (SB p.250) Effect of metallic radius on metallic bond strength of Group 1A metals 180 98 64 39 29 0.152 0.186 0.231 0.244 0.262 Lithium Sodium Potassium Rubidium Caesium Melting point (oC) Metallic radius (mm) Metal 10.4 Metallic Crystals (SB p.250) (a) normal side view (b) exploded view (c) a unit cell Co-ordination no. = ? Empty space = 26% 10.4 Metallic Crystals (SB p.252) Hexagonal close-packed structure (a) normal side view (b) exploded view (c) a unit cell Co-ordination no. = ? Empty space = 26% 10.4 Metallic Crystals (SB p.252) Cubic close-packed / Face-centred cubic structure 10.4 Metallic Crystals (SB p.253) * New Way Chemistry for