2014 仿真 backward-facing step flows.pdfVIP

RESEARCH PAPER Numerical predictions of backward-facing step flows in microchannels using extended Navier–Stokes equations R. Sambasivam ? Suman Chakraborty ? F. Durst Received: 29 January 2013 / Accepted: 13 August 2013 / Published online: 5 September 2013  Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 Abstract Flows in microchannels were successfully predicted, in the past, both analytically and numerically, employing the extended Navier–Stokes equations (ENSE). In ENSE, the self-diffusion transport of mass, together with the resulting momentum and heat transport, is taken into account properly and the same is omitted in the classical Navier–Stokes equations. The ENSE have been employed here to numerically predict backward-facing step flows in microchannels, and the predictions are summarized in this paper. The results obtained by employing ENSE are compared with the available literature data computed by both direct simulation Monte Carlo and slip-velocity-based simulations. The good agreement of the present results with those given in the literature evidently points out that the ENSE can be applied to gas flows through complex mi- crochannel geometries. 1 Introduction The flow conduits in Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) may not be simple straight channels and capil- laries. They often involve complex geometries including steps and abrupt turns and bends. Therefore, analyzing gas flows through complex microgeometries is of immense importance, and for this reason, this particular topic has continued to attract the interest of researchers over the years. Agrawal et al. (2009) simulated gas flows through 90o bends employing the slip flow theory and the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Simulation of gas flows over backward-facing steps in microchannels is considered to be one of the benchmark problems to demonstrate the effec- tiveness of theoretical models and computational tech- niques in microscale flows. A number of studies have applied the LBM or the direct simu