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Estimation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Using GIS at Catchment Scale
Estimation of Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield Using GIS
at Catchment Scale
Rabin Bhattarai Dushmata Dutta
Received: 5 January 2006 /Accepted: 30 October 2006 / Published online: 12 December 2006
# Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006
Abstract A GIS-based method has been applied for the determination of soil erosion and
sediment yield in a small watershed in Mun River basin, Thailand. The method involves
spatial disintegration of the catchment into homogenous grid cells to capture the catchment
heterogeneity. The gross soil erosion in each cell was calculated using Universal Soil Loss
Equation (USLE) by carefully determining its various parameters. The concept of sediment
delivery ratio is used to route surface erosion from each of the discritized cells to the
catchment outlet. The process of sediment delivery from grid cells to the catchment outlet is
represented by the topographical characteristics of the cells. The effect of DEM resolution
on sediment yield is analyzed using two different resolutions of DEM. The spatial
discretization of the catchment and derivation of the physical parameters related to erosion
in the cell are performed through GIS techniques.
Key words DEM . GIS . soil erosion . sediment delivery ratio . sediment yield
1 Introduction
Soil erosion has been accepted as a serious problem arising from agricultural
intensification, land degradation and possibly due to global climatic change (Yang et al.,
2003). Not only the deposition of sediment transported by river into a reservoir reduces the
reservoir capacity, but also sediment deposition on river bed and banks causes widening of
flood plains during floods. Soil erosion is the most significant contributor of off-site ground
water pollution on a global scale with most of the contaminants originating within an
agricultural setting (Marsh and Grossa, 1996). Since it is not possible to monitor the
influence of every land-use practices in all ecosystems under all weather conditions, erosion
Wa
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