福建南平教师招聘英语备考之被动语态.docVIP

南平中公教育 PAGE  PAGE 4 2015福建南平教师招聘英语备考之被动语态 为了帮助广大考生积极备战2015福建南平教师招聘考试，HYPERLINK /中公教育专家特别推荐最新考情资讯，深度剖析时下热点，整合公考疑难问题，预祝广大考生在2015福建南平教师招聘考试中金榜题名，荣获佳绩。 【被动语态(一)】 被动语态 在英语中，须通过动词的某种形式来表明句子的主语是动作的执行者还是动作的承受者，前一种句子是主动句，后一种是被动句。 英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作是执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They build this school. They school is built by them. 1、被动语态的构成 “助动词 +(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。如： This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou.(一般现在时) The thief was arrested.(一般过去时) A new road is being built outside my house.(现在进行时) The man was being questioned by the police.(过去进行时) Your wallet has been found.(现在完成时) By the time we got there. The work had been finished.(过去完成时) My sister would be taken care of by grandma.(过去将来时) Your watch will be repaired.(一般将来时) 难点： 在英语里，有一些动词是不及物动词，后面不能跟宾语，所以没有被动语态。以下动词只有主动语态，没有被动语态。 appear, die, happen, fall, arrive. 2、五种时态的被动语态举例 ① 一般现在时 A lot of books are kept in our school library. Radio is used in everyday life. ② 一般过去时 A thief was caught last night. They were asked to speak at the meeting. ③ 现在进行时 A new library is being put up in their school now. The watch is being repaired. ④ 一般将来时 The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon. The thieves will be arrested. ⑤ 现在完成时 My bag has been stolen. Many stamps have been collected by me since last year. 3、主动语态变被动语态 ① 主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语。 ② 主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态。 ③ 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。 ④ 主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。如： We repaired the motor. The motor was repaired by us. 【被动语态(二)】 几种不同形式的被动语态 (1)含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构，变为被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般是主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，这样句子显得自然一些。如： He showed me his pictures. I was shown his pictures by him. I was sent a birthday present (by him). A birthday present was sent to me (by him). (2)含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句的方法。 ① 将宾语变为主语，宾语补足语保留不动。如： They call her little Li. She is called little Li. He left the door open. The door was left open by him. ② make, let, hear, watch, see, f