(黄)第1章集合(2016-3-12)选编.pptVIP

How did this happen? All the rooms were full, and yet the guest checked in to room #1. What is more, we added a new guest, didn,t lose any guests, and yet there are the same number of guests! Their number is, specifically, infinite. It gets stranger. The next day, an infinity of new guests arrive, asking for rooms. But of course! says the owner, who shifts the person in room #1 into room #2, the person in room #2 to room #4, the person in room #3 to room #6, and so on. He moves each person to the room that is numbered double his original room number. Because doubles of integers are always even, every person in the hotel is in an even-numbered room. The infinite number of new guests now check in to the odd-numbered rooms. And yet, before they came, all the rooms were occupied! And yet the number of guests in Hilbert,s Hotel is the same as before: their number is infinite. And this can be repeated an infinite number of times. Each time, the hotel is full when new guests arrive, and yet the guests check in, and after they check in the number of guests in the hotel remains the same as before. And we,re not done yet. Suppose the guest in room #1 checks out. Are there any fewer guests in the hotel? According to set theory, no. There are still an infinite number of guests in the hotel. Suppose an infinite number of guests check out – say, all those in odd-numbered rooms. After this, there are still an infinite number of guests in the hotel. But the owner doesn,t like a half-empty hotel – that looks bad! So he shifts each guest to the room that has a number half that of his current room, and the hotel is now completely full without adding any guests. But the owner can,t always keep his hotel full with these maneuvers. Let,s say that the infinite number of guests in any room numbered higher than #3 checks out. Now Hilbert,s Hotel has an very finite number of guests: three! And yet, the same number of guests checked out this time as had checked out when everyone in