建筑环境和能源应用工程专业英语13.pptVIP

Engineers are increasingly being asked to monitor or evaluate the efficiency of a process or the performance of a device. 1. Measurement Errors, Accuracy, and Precision three kinds of errors how to characterize measurements and instrumentation as being of high or low precision 2. Estimating Measurement Uncertainty multi-sample experiments single-sample experiments In this case we refer to an uncertainty distribution rather than a frequency distribution. Frequently used words and phrases: uncertainty 不确定性 measurement error 测量误差 true value 真值 measured value 测量值 recording errors 记录误差 systematic or fixed errors 系统误差 accidental or random errors 随机误差 measurement system 测量系统mean value 平均值 frequency distribution 频率分布 probability density function 概率密度函数 distribution function 分布函数 discrete probability distribution 离散型概率分布 continuous probability densities 连续型概率密度 conditional probability 条件概率 Law of Large Numbers 大数定律 Central Limit Theorem 中心极限定律 1. Results are often derived from the combination of values determined from a number of individual measurements. 2. Unfortunately, every measurement is subject to error, and the degree to which this error is minimized is a compromise between the (overall) accuracy desired and the expense required to reduce the error in the component measurements to an acceptable value. 3. Good engineering practice dictates that an indication of the error or uncertainty should be reported along with the derived