液压课件 第三章 液压动力源：油泵.pptVIP

第三章 液压动力源：油泵（The Source of Hydraulic Power: Pumps） §3.1 概述（Introduction） 一个油泵是液压系统的心脏，它将机械能转变为压力能。机械能是通过像电机这样的原动机输送给油泵的。由于机械作用，油泵在其进油口产生局部真空。油液在大气压力的作用下通过进油口进入油泵内部。油泵再推动油液进入液压系统（A pump, which is the heart of a hydraulic system, converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy. The mechanical energy is delivered to the pump via a prime mover such as an electric motor. Due to mechanical action, the pump creates a partial vacuum at its inlet. This permits atmospheric pressure to force the fluid through the inlet line and into the pump. The pump then pushes the fluid;into the hydraulic system）。 油泵根据液压功率的产生主要分为两大类（There are two broad classifications of pumps as identified by the fluid power industry）： 1.非容积泵（Nonpositive displacement pumps）：这种类型经常用于低压，大流量的场合。因为它们不能够承受高压，在液压传动中很少使用。通常它们的最高压力被限制在1.7~2.1MPa。这种类型的油泵一般用于将液体从一个地方输送到另一个地方（This type is generally used for low-pressure, high-volume flow applications. Because they are not capable of withstanding high pressure, they are of little use in the fluid power field. Normally their maximum pressure capacity is limited to 1.7~2.1MPa. This type of pump is primarily used for transporting fluids from one location to another）。 2.容积泵（Positive displacement pumps）：这种类型普遍用于液压传动系统。正如其名，一个容积泵的泵轴每旋转一转就排出一定量的液体;进入液压系统。这样一个泵能够克服系统中机械负载所产生的压力以及摩擦引起的流动阻尼。这两个特点是液压泵所需要的。这种泵与非容积泵相比有如下优点（This type is universally used for fluid power system. As the name implies, a positive displacement pump ejects a fixed amount of fluid into the hydraulic system per revolution of pump shaft rotation. Such a pump is capable of overcoming the pressure resulting from the mechanical loads on the system as well as the resistance to flow due to friction. There are two features which are desired of fluid power pumps: These pumps have the following advantages over nonpositive displacement pumps）： ?高压（可达到69MPa甚至更高）（High-pressure capability（up to 69MPa or higher））； ?体积小（Small, compact size）； ?容积效率高（High volumetric efficiency）；;