广州市蔬菜农药施用及残留情况的调查导论.doc

广州市蔬菜农药施用及残留情况的调查分析 摘 要：本文以访谈和调查问卷的形式对广州市郊区蔬菜种植的农药施用情况进行了调查。用农残速测卡对广州市售几种代表性蔬菜的农药残留情况进行了测试。调查分析表明个体菜农在农药使用中存在较大的盲目性，而企业经营的蔬菜生产较为规范。农药施用量随季节和蔬菜品种的不同而变化，其中春季、夏季和秋季均为广州病虫害的高发期，十字花科的叶菜如上海青和菜心受菜青虫危害严重，农药使用量很大。目前农户在蔬菜上施用农药种类繁多，而最常用的是生物农药阿维菌素和几种中低毒有机磷农药。从市场抽样的菜心、生菜、番茄和葱共计206份样品中，只有一份菜心样品用残速测卡检测为农药残留阳性。本研究表明目前广泛使用的农残速测卡检测结果可能并不能作为蔬菜农药残留是否合格的唯一指标。 关键词：农药调查；蔬菜；农残速测卡 中图分类号：S436.3 文献标识码： 文章编号： Pesticide Survey and Residue Test of Guangzhou Vegetables in 2012 Abstract: Application of pesticide on vegetables in Guangzhou suburb was investigated in the form of interviews and questionnaires. The survey shows that individual farmers are often ignorant when using pesticide, while vegetable company is more professional. Application amount of pesticide varies with the seasons and vegetable varieties. Spring, summer and autumn are all high-incidence season for diseases and insects in Guangzhou when farmers use lots of pesticides. More pesticide is also used on certain leafy vegetables such as Chinese flowering cabbage and Shanghai green cabbage which are the most susceptible to insects. At present there are many different kinds of pesticides applied on vegetables, but the most common ones are the biological pesticide abamectin and several kinds of low toxic organophosphorus pesticides. A total of 206 vegetable samples including Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce, tomato and onion were collected from Guangzhou Market and their pesticide residues were tested by pesticide test card. Only one Chinese flowering cabbage sample was positive of pesticide residues. This survey indicate that the widely-used pesticide test card may not be enough to determine whether pesticide residues of vegetables are up to standard. Key words: Pesticide survey; vegetables; Pesticide test card 目前广东蔬菜生产仍以千家万户分散经营为主，农民文化素质较低，安全意识薄弱。虽然国家加大科技下乡及各种扶农、帮农活动的投入，然而因对散户菜农的实际生产环节缺乏监督管理，再加上农资供应渠道复杂，销售混乱，造成种植户盲目使用化学药品防治病虫害的现象十分普通。这既增加了生产成本，又增加了有害物质的残留，使农产品质量与安全问题日趋严峻[1]。针对以上情况，调查组对经营蔬菜生产的企业、专业种植户和普通农