材料物理导论作业样板刘教授2012-04-27.doc

Homework one（2012-4-27） 1. The number of vacancies(空缺) in some hypothetical（假设的、假定的） metal increases by a factor of 5 when the temperature is increased from 1070 K to 1180 K. Calculate the energy for vacancy formation (in J/mol)（空位形成能） assuming that the density （密度）of the metal remains the same over this temperature range. Solution： As we know n=Nexp(-Qv/RT), where the Qv is the energy for vacancy formation So n1/n2 =exp(Qv)exp(1/T1 －1/T2) , n1/n2 =5, T1=1070K,T2=1180K the key Qv=1.60935 Kj/mol 2. A Frenkel defect （弗伦克尔缺陷）is composed with which of the following? A. A cation interstitial and a cation vacancy B. A cation interstitial and an anion interstitial C. A cation vacancy and an anion vacancy D. An anion interstitial and an anion vacancy ＫＥＹ：Ａ 3. For an alloy （合金）that consists of 37.7 wt% Pb and 62.3 wt% Sn, what is the composition （组分）(a) of Pb (in at%), and (b) of Sn (in at%)? The atomic weights（相对原子质量） for Pb and Sn are 207.2 and 118.7 g/mol, respectively（分别地）. Solution Assuming that the mass of alloy is 100g, thus, the mass of Pb is 37.7g; the mass of Sn is 62.3g. So the quantity of the two materials can be calculated as follows: So the composition of Pb (in at%) and of Sn (in at%)can be calculated as follows: 4. Impurity atoms（杂质原子） in ceramic（陶瓷） materials may form substitutional （置换）and interstitial（间隙） solid solutions. A. True B. False KEY：Ａ 5. What are the two fundamental types（基本类型） of dislocations（位错）? KEY：Edge dislocation、Screw dislocation 6. Two metal specimens（金属式样）, A and B, have ASTM grain（细粒） size numbers of 3 and 8, respectively（分别地）. Which specimen has the larger grain size? A. B.