2017年初中考英语简单句详解.ppt

中考英语复习方案 语法部分;第二篇 词法 简单句 ;知识概要 ;1、陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个看法，有肯定式和否定式，语序是主语在前，谓语在后。陈述句可以分为以下五种句型： ① 主语+不及物动词。如：I arrived at six last night. ② 主语+及物动词+宾语，如：I bought a good EnglishChinese Dictionary yesterday. ③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语，如：Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy, tell, give, ask, pass, teach. ④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语，如：I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy. ⑤ 主语+系动词+表语，如：Tom is an American boy. The grass turned green in spring. ;陈述句否定式的构成(1) 如果肯定陈述句的谓语部分含有助动词、情态动词或连系动词be，则只需在这些动词后加not即可构成否定式。He is playing the guitar.（肯定）He is not playing the guitar.（否定）We can get there before dark.（肯定）We can’t get thee before dark.（否定）(2) 如果陈述句的谓语动词是实义动词，而其中又没有情态动词或助动词时，则需根据人称和时态在该实义动词前加don’t, doesn’t或didn’t。同时把该实义动词变为原形。????He plays the violin well.（肯定）He doesn’t play the violin well.（否定）????She won the game.（肯定）She didn’t win the game.（否定）(3) 如果句子是there be结构或谓语动词是have（有），且句中如果有some要变为any。例如：There is some water in the cup. →There is not any water in the cup. He has some books. →He doesnt have any books.;陈述句否定式的构成(4) 除not以外，否定词no, never, nothing, nobody, few等也可构成否定句。例如： There is something wrong with his bike. →There is nothing wrong with his bike.I have seen the film. →I have never seen the film. 注：否定句的类型 1）半否定句（用hardly, little, few等来否定） I hardly know anything about it. 2）部分否定句（用all, both, every, each+谓语+not否定，表示“有的是，有的不是”）I don’t like both the films. 3）全否定句（用not, no, never, neither, nor, nothing等来否定 ） I like neither Cathy nor Mary. 4)否定转移(用在含有think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine为主句的句子) I don’t think it will be very cold today ;2、疑问句 有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反义疑问句。;2）特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句由“疑问代词或疑问副词+一般疑问句”构成，句子一般用倒装语序，但如果对主语提问时用陈述句的语序。特殊疑问句不能用yes或no回答，读时用降调。例如：Who is on duty today? How long have you been in Beijing?What time do you get up every morning?What must I do now?;常用的特殊疑问词和句型;3）选择疑问句 选择疑问句是说话者提出两种或两种以上的不同情况，让对方选择回答的疑问句。其结构是“疑问句+选择部分”。选择部分由or连接，or前面的部分读升调，or后面的部分读降调。选择疑问句不能用yes或no回答，而必须具体